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MM101

Being the most preferred and recommended rootstock contemporarily, this rootstock grows strong and erect. Varieties grafted on MM111 form semi-strong trees and grows as big as 75-80% of its strong-grown seedlings. It shows good performance either with strong-growing varieties such as Starking Delicious, Golden Delicious and Granny Smith or semi-dwarf-growing varieties such as StarkrimsonDelicious, Starkspur Golden Delicious andSpur Granny Smith.

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MM106

It is resistant to woolly aphid; but vulnerable to crown rot disease. Therefore; it should not be preferred in places contaminated by the fungal infection that causes crown rot disease. Soil should be well-drained. It develops a very good root system. It does not require to be supported with sticks. It lies considerable amount of fruits in 2nd-3rd year following its planting. It is a suitable rootstock for varieties that both are dwarf and grow strong. It may preferred in less windy places.

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M26

Its tree size ranges between M9 and MM106; it yields crops early; but it is later M9 rootstock. Establishing a support system is beneficial in terms of early cropping, growth control and prevention of tree inclination due to excessive crops. It is vulnerable to root rot. Excessive irrigation should be avoided. It is vulnerable to fire blight disease, woolly aphid and powdery mildew. It is more resistant to cold in comparison with M9 rootstock.

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M9

The most commonly-used rootstock worldwide among dwarf rootstocks is the M9 rootstock. It grows better in fertile lands. It requires support all its lifetime ever since it is planted. It starts to grow fruits in the following year of its planting and it does not grown any longer than 270 cm even under optimum circumstances. It grows as big as20-40% of its seedling. M9 is resistant to crown rot disease (Phytophytoraspp); but vulnerable to fire blight disease (erwinaamylovora) and woolly aphid (EriosomaLanigerum).

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M7

It is a semi-dwarf type. It does not require poles. It resembles peach in terms of growth size. It is an M106-equivalent rootstock. It suffers root losses when not planted deep. It grows trees as big as 60-65% of its generative rootstocks. It is the most commonly-used rootstock in the USA. It can adapt to various soil types and climatic conditions. Its early fruit lying capability is weaker in comparison with M9 rootstock. It is vulnerable to woolly aphid and resistant to fire blight disease.

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